J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jocmr.elmerjournals.com

Original Article

Volume 16, Number 7-8, August 2024, pages 335-344

Preoperative Autologous Blood Donation for Rh-Negative Pregnant Women Undergoing Cesarean Sections

Figure 1. Flowchart illustrating the selection process for pregnancies enrolled in the autologous blood donation program. RBC: red blood cell.

Figure 2. Hemoglobin (a) and hematocrit (b) levels were measured at three different time points: 2 weeks and 1 week before the C-section, during the C-section, and after the C-section. C/S: C-section; wk: week; C-section: cesarean sections.

Figure 3. Flowchart depicting the pregnancy care pathway for women at different stages in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the hospital, encompassing laboratory tests and decision-making regarding delivery. HR: heart rate; BP: blood pressure; SpO₂: oxygen saturation; CBC: complete blood count; OF: osmotic fragility; DCIP: dichlorophenol indophenol precipitation.

Figure 4. Flowchart illustrating childbirth decisions and preparations for autologous blood donation in pregnancies with rare blood groups (Rh-negative). RBC: red blood cell.

**Table 1.** History of Participants Enrolled in the Study at Takuapa Hospital, PhangNga, Thailand
Pregnant women	Age	ABO	Rh	Baby gender	Baby weight (g)
1	30	AB	Negative	Boy	3,590
2	24	A	Negative	Girl	3,070
3	31	B	Negative	Girl	4,080
4	27	O	Negative	Girl	3,200
5	41	O	Negative	Girl	2,870
6	28	O	Negative	Boy	3,210
7	17	A	Negative	Girl	2,730
8	18	B	Negative	Boy	3,000
9	40	O	Negative	Boy	2,640
10	21	O	Negative	Boy	3,160
11	32	B	Negative	Boy	3,820
12	25	A	Negative	Girl	3,220

Table 1. History of Participants Enrolled in the Study at Takuapa Hospital, PhangNga, Thailand

Pregnant women

Age

ABO

Baby gender

Baby weight (g)

Negative

Boy

3,590

Negative

Girl

3,070

Negative

Girl

4,080

Negative

Girl

3,200

Negative

Girl

2,870

Negative

Boy

3,210

Negative

Girl

2,730

Negative

Boy

3,000

Negative

Boy

2,640

Negative

Boy

3,160

Negative

Boy

3,820

Negative

Girl

3,220

**Table 2.** Participating Pregnancy Demographics at Takuapa Hospital, PhangNga, Thailand
Demographic variables	Pregnancy (n = 12)
Age (years)
Range	17 - 41
Mean	27.83
BMI category (kg/m²), n (%)
Underweight (< 18.5)	0 (0)
Normal weight (18.5 - 24.9)	4 (33.33)
Overweight (25.0 - 29.9)	6 (50.00)
Obesity class I (30.0 - 34.9)	2 (16.67)
ABO, n (%)
AB	1 (8.33)
A	3 (25.00)
B	3 (25.00)
O	5 (41.67)
Rh, n (%)
Negative	12 (100)

Table 2. Participating Pregnancy Demographics at Takuapa Hospital, PhangNga, Thailand

Demographic variables

Pregnancy (n = 12)

Age (years)

Range

17 - 41

Mean

27.83

BMI category (kg/m²), n (%)

Underweight (< 18.5)

0 (0)

Normal weight (18.5 - 24.9)

4 (33.33)

Overweight (25.0 - 29.9)

6 (50.00)

Obesity class I (30.0 - 34.9)

2 (16.67)

ABO, n (%)

1 (8.33)

3 (25.00)

5 (41.67)

Rh, n (%)

Negative

12 (100)

**Table 3.** Baby Demographics of the Participating Pregnancies
Demographic variables	Baby (n = 12)
Body weight (g)
Range	2,640 - 4,080
Mean	3,216
Gender, %
Male	50
Female	50

Table 3. Baby Demographics of the Participating Pregnancies

Demographic variables

Baby (n = 12)

Body weight (g)

Range

2,640 - 4,080

Mean

3,216

Gender, %

Male

Female

**Table 4.** Levels of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Measured at Different Time Points
Pregnant women	2 weeks Pre-C/S	1 week Pre-C/S	On C/S	1 week Post-C/S, on discharge
C/S: C-section; C-section: cesarean sections; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; SD: standard deviation.
1	12.7	35.6	12.3	35.3	12.2	34.7	34
2	12.1	36.9	11.6	34.9	11.9	36.2	35
3	12.4	36.5	11.6	34.2	11.1	33.4	38
4	12.7	37.0	12.8	36.9	11.2	35.0	31
5	13.4	37.2	13.0	36.2	13.1	36.7	36
6	12.5	38.7	12.1	37.8	12.2	37.0	39
7	12.3	34.2	11.3	33.0	11.3	32.2	33
8	12.3	35.3	11.0	33.0	10.2	31.8	32
9	12.6	37.1	12.5	38.0	12.0	37.0	37
10	12.0	34.5	12.3	35.0	11.0	32.8	35
11	12.4	36.5	12.7	38.8	11.6	35.0	33
12	13.0	37.5	13.3	36.5	11.2	31.3	35
Mean	12.53	36.42	12.21	35.80	11.58	34.43	34.83
SD	0.39	1.30	0.71	1.90	0.75	2.08	2.41

Table 4. Levels of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Measured at Different Time Points

Pregnant women

2 weeks Pre-C/S

1 week Pre-C/S

On C/S

1 week Post-C/S, on discharge

Hb (g/dL)

Hct (%)

Hb (g/dL)

Hct (%)

Hb (g/dL)

Hct (%)

C/S: C-section; C-section: cesarean sections; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; SD: standard deviation.

12.7

35.6

12.3

35.3

12.2

34.7

12.1

36.9

11.6

34.9

11.9

36.2

12.4

36.5

11.6

34.2

11.1

33.4

12.7

37.0

12.8

36.9

11.2

35.0

13.4

37.2

13.0

36.2

13.1

36.7

12.5

38.7

12.1

37.8

12.2

37.0

12.3

34.2

11.3

33.0

11.3

32.2

12.3

35.3

11.0

33.0

10.2

31.8

12.6

37.1

12.5

38.0

12.0

37.0

12.0

34.5

12.3

35.0

11.0

32.8

12.4

36.5

12.7

38.8

11.6

35.0

13.0

37.5

13.3

36.5

11.2

31.3

Mean

12.53

36.42

12.21

35.80

11.58

34.43

34.83

0.39

1.30

0.71

1.90

0.75

2.08

2.41