J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jocmr.elmerjournals.com

Original Article

Volume 000, Number 000, November 2024, pages 000-000

Construction of a Clinical Prediction Model for Complications After Femoral Head Replacement Surgery

Figure 1. Nomogram prediction of the risk of complications after femoral head replacement. ALB: serum albumin; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; WBC: white blood cell.

Figure 3. ROC curve. ROC: receiver operating characteristic; AUC: area under the curve; CI: confidence interval.

**Table 1.** Assignment of Related Indicators
Name	Variable assignment and description
Complication	0 - no, 1 - yes
Preoperative diagnosis of injury modality	0 - fracture, 1 - caput femoris necrosis
Operation mode	0 - anterior approach,1 - posterior approach
Bone cement	0 - no, 1 - yes
Osteoporosis	0 - no, 1 - yes
Hypertension	0 - no, 1 - yes
Diabetes	0 - no, 1 - yes
Smoking	0 - no, 1 - yes
Drinking	0 - no, 1 - yes

Table 1. Assignment of Related Indicators

Name

Variable assignment and description

Complication

0 - no, 1 - yes

Preoperative diagnosis of injury modality

0 - fracture, 1 - caput femoris necrosis

Operation mode

0 - anterior approach,1 - posterior approach

Bone cement

0 - no, 1 - yes

Osteoporosis

0 - no, 1 - yes

Hypertension

0 - no, 1 - yes

Diabetes

0 - no, 1 - yes

Smoking

0 - no, 1 - yes

Drinking

0 - no, 1 - yes

**Table 2.** Baseline Characteristics
Variables	Total (n = 186)	No complications (n = 144)	Complications (n = 42)	Statistic	P
BMI: body mass index.
Age	66.76 ± 16.47	66.03 ± 16.69	69.26 ± 15.63	t = -1.12	0.264
BMI	23.20 ± 2.81	23.30 ± 2.82	22.86 ± 2.77	t = 0.89	0.372
Gender, n (%)				χ² = 0.00	0.964
Female	88 (47.31%)	68 (47.22%)	20 (47.62%)
Male	98 (52.69%)	76 (52.78%)	22 (52.38%)

Table 2. Baseline Characteristics

Variables

Total (n = 186)

No complications (n = 144)

Complications (n = 42)

Statistic

BMI: body mass index.

Age

66.76 ± 16.47

66.03 ± 16.69

69.26 ± 15.63

t = -1.12

0.264

BMI

23.20 ± 2.81

23.30 ± 2.82

22.86 ± 2.77

t = 0.89

0.372

Gender, n (%)

χ² = 0.00

0.964

Female

88 (47.31%)

68 (47.22%)

20 (47.62%)

Male

98 (52.69%)

76 (52.78%)

22 (52.38%)

**Table 3.** One-Way Logistic Regression Analysis of Complications After Femoral Head Replacement Surgery
Variables	β	SE	Z	P	OR (95% CI)
ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; PLT: platelets; WBC: white blood cell.
Age	0.01	0.01	1.12	0.263	1.01 (0.99 - 1.03)
BMI	-0.06	0.06	-0.90	0.371	0.95 (0.84 - 1.07)
Operation time (min)	0.11	0.02	4.62	< 0.001	1.12 (1.07 - 1.18)
ALT	0.04	0.02	2.08	0.038	1.04 (1.01 - 1.09)
AST	0.11	0.03	4.30	< 0.001	1.12 (1.06 - 1.17)
WBC	1.06	0.21	5.13	< 0.001	2.90 (1.93 - 4.35)
PLT	-0.01	0.02	-0.35	0.725	0.99 (0.96 - 1.03)
Albumin	-0.18	0.05	-3.71	< 0.001	0.84 (0.77 - 0.92)
Age
Male					1.00 (Reference)
Female	0.02	0.35	0.05	0.964	1.02 (0.51 - 2.02)
Preoperative diagnosis of injury modality
0					1.00 (Reference)
1	-0.03	0.39	-0.07	0.940	0.97 (0.45 - 2.08)
Hypertension
0					1.00 (Reference)
1	0.24	0.35	0.68	0.493	1.27 (0.64 - 2.54)
Diabetes
0					1.00 (Reference)
1	-0.13	0.50	-0.26	0.791	0.88 (0.33 - 2.32)
Smoking
0					1.00 (Reference)
1	-0.14	0.47	-0.31	0.759	0.87 (0.35 - 2.16)
Drinking
0					1.00 (Reference)
1	-0.05	0.43	-0.11	0.913	0.95 (0.41 - 2.20)
Operation mode
0					1.00 (Reference)
1	-0.32	0.35	-0.91	0.365	0.73 (0.37 - 1.45)
Bone cement
0					1.00 (Reference)
1	0.40	0.42	0.94	0.349	1.49 (0.65 - 3.41)
Osteoporosis
0					1.00 (Reference)
1	1.51	0.38	4.01	< 0.001	4.54 (2.17 - 9.50)

Table 3. One-Way Logistic Regression Analysis of Complications After Femoral Head Replacement Surgery

Variables

OR (95% CI)

ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; PLT: platelets; WBC: white blood cell.

Age

0.01

1.12

0.263

1.01 (0.99 - 1.03)

BMI

-0.06

0.06

-0.90

0.371

0.95 (0.84 - 1.07)

Operation time (min)

0.11

0.02

4.62

< 0.001

1.12 (1.07 - 1.18)

ALT

0.04

0.02

2.08

0.038

1.04 (1.01 - 1.09)

AST

0.11

0.03

4.30

< 0.001

1.12 (1.06 - 1.17)

WBC

1.06

0.21

5.13

< 0.001

2.90 (1.93 - 4.35)

PLT

-0.01

0.02

-0.35

0.725

0.99 (0.96 - 1.03)

Albumin

-0.18

0.05

-3.71

< 0.001

0.84 (0.77 - 0.92)

Age

Male

1.00 (Reference)

Female

0.02

0.35

0.05

0.964

1.02 (0.51 - 2.02)

Preoperative diagnosis of injury modality

1.00 (Reference)

-0.03

0.39

-0.07

0.940

0.97 (0.45 - 2.08)

Hypertension

1.00 (Reference)

0.24

0.35

0.68

0.493

1.27 (0.64 - 2.54)

Diabetes

1.00 (Reference)

-0.13

0.50

-0.26

0.791

0.88 (0.33 - 2.32)

Smoking

1.00 (Reference)

-0.14

0.47

-0.31

0.759

0.87 (0.35 - 2.16)

Drinking

1.00 (Reference)

-0.05

0.43

-0.11

0.913

0.95 (0.41 - 2.20)

Operation mode

1.00 (Reference)

-0.32

0.35

-0.91

0.365

0.73 (0.37 - 1.45)

Bone cement

1.00 (Reference)

0.40

0.42

0.94

0.349

1.49 (0.65 - 3.41)

Osteoporosis

1.00 (Reference)

1.51

0.38

4.01

< 0.001

4.54 (2.17 - 9.50)

**Table 4.** Multifactorial Regression of Complications After Femoral Head Replacement
Variables	β	SE	Z	P	OR (95%CI)
AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; WBC: white blood cell.
Operation time (min)	0.10	0.03	3.25	0.001	1.10 (1.04 - 1.17)
AST	0.10	0.03	3.03	0.002	1.10 (1.03 - 1.17)
WBC	1.11	0.25	4.46	< 0.001	3.04 (1.87 - 4.95)
Serum albumin	-0.18	0.06	-3.16	0.002	0.83 (0.74 - 0.93)
Osteoporosis	1.48	0.52	2.85	0.004	4.39 (1.59 - 12.12)

Table 4. Multifactorial Regression of Complications After Femoral Head Replacement

Variables

OR (95%CI)

AST: aspartate aminotransferase; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; WBC: white blood cell.

Operation time (min)

0.10

0.03

3.25

0.001

1.10 (1.04 - 1.17)

AST

0.10

0.03

3.03

0.002

1.10 (1.03 - 1.17)

WBC

1.11

0.25

4.46

< 0.001

3.04 (1.87 - 4.95)

Serum albumin

-0.18

0.06

-3.16

0.002

0.83 (0.74 - 0.93)

Osteoporosis

1.48

0.52

2.85

0.004

4.39 (1.59 - 12.12)