J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jocmr.elmerjournals.com

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 6, June 2025, pages 334-343

Survival After Partial Cystectomy Versus Radical Cystectomy for Non-Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Population-Based Study

Figure 2. OS (a) and CSS (b) stratified by surgery in all matched patients. CSS: cancer-specific survival; OS: overall survival.

Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier OS curves of the patients with NUCB according to different clinical characteristics. NUCB: non-urothelial carcinoma of the bladder; OS: overall survival.

Figure 4. Kaplan-Meier CSS curves of the patients with NUCB according to different clinical characteristics. CSS: cancer-specific survival; NUCB: non-urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Figure 5. Forest plot of the association of surgery with total mortality and cancer-specific mortality in subgroup analyses. (a) Overall survival. (b) Cancer-specific survival.

**Table 1.** Demographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of With Histologically Confirmed Bladder Cancer, Treated With PC or RC and Identified Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database
Variables	Groups, N (%)
PC: partial cystectomy; RC: radical cystectomy.
Age
< 65	120 (16.0%)	90 (36.4%)	< 0.001	42 (24.9%)	46 (27.2%)	0.71
≥ 65	632 (84.0%)	157 (63.6%)		127 (75.1%)	123 (72.8%)
Gender
Female	301 (40.0%)	83 (33.6%)	0.0845	55 (32.5%)	60 (35.5%)	0.646
Male	451 (60.0%)	164 (66.4%)		114 (67.5%)	109 (64.5%)
Race
Black	72 (9.6%)	17 (6.9%)	0.436	6 (3.6%)	15 (8.9%)	0.0342
Other	35 (4.7%)	12 (4.9%)		12 (7.1%)	5 (3.0%)
White	645 (85.8%)	218 (88.3%)		151 (89.3%)	149 (88.2%)
Marital status
Married	363 (48.3%)	161 (65.2%)	< 0.001	105 (62.1%)	103 (60.9%)	0.911
Unmarried	389 (51.7%)	86 (34.8%)		64 (37.9%)	66 (39.1%)
Grade
Grade I	22 (2.9%)	11 (4.5%)	0.0018	7 (4.1%)	4 (2.4%)	0.811
Grade II	145 (19.3%)	54 (21.9%)		39 (23.1%)	38 (22.5%)
Grade III	340 (45.2%)	78 (31.6%)		62 (36.7%)	62 (36.7%)
Grade IV	245 (32.6%)	104 (42.1%)		61 (36.1%)	65 (38.5%)
Histological subtypes
Adenocarcinoma	139 (18.5%)	54 (21.9%)	0.677	37 (21.9%)	37 (21.9%)	0.762
Neuroendocrine carcinoma	188 (25.0%)	61 (24.7%)		42 (24.9%)	45 (26.6%)
Other	109 (14.5%)	32 (13.0%)		19 (11.2%)	24 (14.2%)
Squamous carcinoma	316 (42.0%)	100 (40.5%)		71 (42.0%)	63 (37.3%)
T stage
T2a	189 (25.1%)	68 (27.5%)	< 0.001	52 (30.8%)	50 (29.6%)	0.831
T2b	130 (17.3%)	98 (39.7%)		44 (26.0%)	49 (29.0%)
T2NOS	433 (57.6%)	81 (32.8%)		73 (43.2%)	70 (41.4%)
Lymph node dissection
No	748 (99.5%)	19 (7.7%)	< 0.001	168 (99.4%)	11 (6.5%)	< 0.001
Yes	4 (0.5%)	228 (92.3%)		1 (0.6%)	158 (93.5%)
Radiation therapy
None/unknown	564 (75.0%)	242 (98.0%)	< 0.001	165 (97.6%)	164 (97.0%)	1
Yes	188 (25.0%)	5 (2.0%)		4 (2.4%)	5 (3.0%)
Chemotherapy
No/unknown	505 (67.2%)	155 (62.8%)	0.234	111 (65.7%)	107 (63.3%)	0.733
Yes	247 (32.8%)	92 (37.2%)		58 (34.3%)	62 (36.7%)

Table 1. Demographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of With Histologically Confirmed Bladder Cancer, Treated With PC or RC and Identified Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database

Variables

Groups, N (%)

Crude dataset

Matched dataset

PC (n = 752)

RC (n = 247)

PC (n = 169)

RC (n = 169)

PC: partial cystectomy; RC: radical cystectomy.

Age

< 65

120 (16.0%)

90 (36.4%)

< 0.001

42 (24.9%)

46 (27.2%)

0.71

≥ 65

632 (84.0%)

157 (63.6%)

127 (75.1%)

123 (72.8%)

Gender

Female

301 (40.0%)

83 (33.6%)

0.0845

55 (32.5%)

60 (35.5%)

0.646

Male

451 (60.0%)

164 (66.4%)

114 (67.5%)

109 (64.5%)

Race

Black

72 (9.6%)

17 (6.9%)

0.436

6 (3.6%)

15 (8.9%)

0.0342

Other

35 (4.7%)

12 (4.9%)

12 (7.1%)

5 (3.0%)

White

645 (85.8%)

218 (88.3%)

151 (89.3%)

149 (88.2%)

Marital status

Married

363 (48.3%)

161 (65.2%)

< 0.001

105 (62.1%)

103 (60.9%)

0.911

Unmarried

389 (51.7%)

86 (34.8%)

64 (37.9%)

66 (39.1%)

Grade

Grade I

22 (2.9%)

11 (4.5%)

0.0018

7 (4.1%)

4 (2.4%)

0.811

Grade II

145 (19.3%)

54 (21.9%)

39 (23.1%)

38 (22.5%)

Grade III

340 (45.2%)

78 (31.6%)

62 (36.7%)

Grade IV

245 (32.6%)

104 (42.1%)

61 (36.1%)

65 (38.5%)

Histological subtypes

Adenocarcinoma

139 (18.5%)

54 (21.9%)

0.677

37 (21.9%)

0.762

Neuroendocrine carcinoma

188 (25.0%)

61 (24.7%)

42 (24.9%)

45 (26.6%)

Other

109 (14.5%)

32 (13.0%)

19 (11.2%)

24 (14.2%)

Squamous carcinoma

316 (42.0%)

100 (40.5%)

71 (42.0%)

63 (37.3%)

T stage

T2a

189 (25.1%)

68 (27.5%)

< 0.001

52 (30.8%)

50 (29.6%)

0.831

T2b

130 (17.3%)

98 (39.7%)

44 (26.0%)

49 (29.0%)

T2NOS

433 (57.6%)

81 (32.8%)

73 (43.2%)

70 (41.4%)

Lymph node dissection

748 (99.5%)

19 (7.7%)

< 0.001

168 (99.4%)

11 (6.5%)

< 0.001

Yes

4 (0.5%)

228 (92.3%)

1 (0.6%)

158 (93.5%)

Radiation therapy

None/unknown

564 (75.0%)

242 (98.0%)

< 0.001

165 (97.6%)

164 (97.0%)

Yes

188 (25.0%)

5 (2.0%)

4 (2.4%)

5 (3.0%)

Chemotherapy

No/unknown

505 (67.2%)

155 (62.8%)

0.234

111 (65.7%)

107 (63.3%)

0.733

Yes

247 (32.8%)

92 (37.2%)

58 (34.3%)

62 (36.7%)

**Table 2.** Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis for Overall Survival and Cancer-Specific Survival in the Matched Data
Variables	Overall survival	Cancer-specific survival
CI: confidence interval.
Age
< 65	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
≥ 65	< 0.001	0.002	1.71 (1.24 - 2.35, P = 0.001)	< 0.001	< 0.001	3.01 (1.66 - 5.44, P < 0.001)
Gender
Female	Ref.			Ref.
Male	0.723			0.847
Race
Black	Ref.			Ref.
Other	0.698			0.415
White	0.972			0.572
Marital status
Married	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Unmarried	0.017	0.002	1.50 (1.15 - 1.94, P = 0.002)	0.002	< 0.001	2.21 (1.47 - 3.32, P < 0.001)
Grade
Grade I	Ref.	Ref.		Ref.
Grade II	0.204	0.536		0.787
Grade III	0.059	0.198		0.391
Grade IV	0.024	0.141		0.326
Histologic subtype
Adenocarcinoma	Ref.			Ref.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma	0.902			0.608
Other	0.353			0.968
Squamous carcinoma	0.054			P = 0.504
T stage
T2a	Ref.			Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
T2b	0.559			0.034	0.016	0.50 (0.28 - 0.87, P = 0.014)
T2NOS	0.262			0.152	0.115	0.69 (0.44 - 1.09, P = 0.110)
Surgery
PC	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
RC	< 0.001	0.001	0.34 (0.26 - 0.44, P < 0.001)	0.002	0.055	0.47 (0.31 - 0.72, P < 0.001)
Radiation therapy
None/unknown	Ref.			Ref.
Yes	0.486			0.383
Chemotherapy
No/unknown	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	0.007	0.049	0.71 (0.54 - 0.93, P = 0.014)	0.016	0.136	0.72 (0.46 - 1.13, P = 0.157)

Table 2. Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis for Overall Survival and Cancer-Specific Survival in the Matched Data

Variables

Overall survival

Cancer-specific survival

Univariate P

Multivariate P

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Univariate P

Multivariate P

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

CI: confidence interval.

Age

< 65

Ref.

≥ 65

< 0.001

0.002

1.71 (1.24 - 2.35, P = 0.001)

< 0.001

3.01 (1.66 - 5.44, P < 0.001)

Gender

Female

Ref.

Male

0.723

0.847

Race

Black

Ref.

Other

0.698

0.415

White

0.972

0.572

Marital status

Married

Ref.

Unmarried

0.017

0.002

1.50 (1.15 - 1.94, P = 0.002)

0.002

< 0.001

2.21 (1.47 - 3.32, P < 0.001)

Grade

Grade I

Ref.

Grade II

0.204

0.536

0.787

Grade III

0.059

0.198

0.391

Grade IV

0.024

0.141

0.326

Histologic subtype

Adenocarcinoma

Ref.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma

0.902

0.608

Other

0.353

0.968

Squamous carcinoma

0.054

P = 0.504

T stage

T2a

Ref.

T2b

0.559

0.034

0.016

0.50 (0.28 - 0.87, P = 0.014)

T2NOS

0.262

0.152

0.115

0.69 (0.44 - 1.09, P = 0.110)

Surgery

Ref.

< 0.001

0.001

0.34 (0.26 - 0.44, P < 0.001)

0.002

0.055

0.47 (0.31 - 0.72, P < 0.001)

Radiation therapy

None/unknown

Ref.

Yes

0.486

0.383

Chemotherapy

No/unknown

Ref.

Yes

0.007

0.049

0.71 (0.54 - 0.93, P = 0.014)

0.016

0.136

0.72 (0.46 - 1.13, P = 0.157)