J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jocmr.elmerjournals.com

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 8, August 2025, pages 460-467

Telomere Length in Young Patients: Relationship With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components

**Table 1.** Clinical Characteristics of the Main and Randomized Groups
	Main group (n = 450)	Patients with telomere length assessment (n = 45)	P-value
BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; EH: essential hypertension; МS: metabolic syndrome; SBP: systolic blood pressure.
Sex, male/female, %	48.7/51.3	44.4/55.6	0.25
Age, years	30 (21 - 42)	26 (21 - 39)	0.09
BMI, kg/m²	24.01 (20.2 - 31.8)	23 (22 - 29.7)	0.44
Obesity by BMI, %	19.7	24.4	0.09
EH, %	34	24.4	0.06
МS, %	26	22.2	0.13
SBP, mm Hg	121 (111 - 136)	124 (114 - 135)	0.09
DBP, mm Hg	71 (64 - 81)	78 (71 - 85)	0.07
Smoking, %	40.6	42.2	0.39

Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of the Main and Randomized Groups

Main group (n = 450)

Patients with telomere length assessment (n = 45)

P-value

BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; EH: essential hypertension; МS: metabolic syndrome; SBP: systolic blood pressure.

Sex, male/female, %

48.7/51.3

44.4/55.6

0.25

Age, years

30 (21 - 42)

26 (21 - 39)

0.09

BMI, kg/m²

24.01 (20.2 - 31.8)

23 (22 - 29.7)

0.44

Obesity by BMI, %

19.7

24.4

0.09

EH, %

24.4

0.06

МS, %

22.2

0.13

SBP, mm Hg

121 (111 - 136)

124 (114 - 135)

0.09

DBP, mm Hg

71 (64 - 81)

78 (71 - 85)

0.07

Smoking, %

40.6

42.2

0.39

**Table 2.** Clinical Characteristics of Groups With and Without MS
	MS group (n = 10)	Non-MS group (n = 35)	P
BAI: body adiposity index; BFP: body fat percentage; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; EH: essential hypertension; HC: hip circumference; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LAP: lipid accumulation product index; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; МS: metabolic syndrome; NC: neck circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; VAI: visceral adiposity index; WC: waist circumference.
Sex, male/female, %	50/50	40/60	0.57
Age, years	28.5 (23 - 43)	26 (21 - 37)	0.35
Smoking, %	50	40	0.57
BMI, kg/m²	30.95 (30 - 34.2)	22.6 (20.7 - 23.9)	< 0.001
WC, cm	119 (110 - 125)	79 (71 - 83)	< 0.001
HC, cm	117.5 (115 - 118)	95 (92 - 98)	< 0.001
NC, cm	39 (38 - 42)	33 (31 - 34)	< 0.001
Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m²), %	90	8.57	< 0.001
EH, %	50	17.14	0.03
SBP, mm Hg	157 (124 - 165)	120 (112 - 130)	0.01
DBP, mm Hg	90 (80 - 96)	77 (70 - 83)	0.005
Dyslipidemia, %	90	34.29	0.002
TC, mmol/L	6.01 (3.6 - 6.8)	4.7 (3.9 - 5.1)	0.04
TG, mmol/L	2.75 (1.9 - 3.0)	1.2 (0.7 - 1.9)	< 0.001
LDL, mmol/L	2.9 (2.8 - 3.5)	2.8 (2.1 - 3.1)	0.16
HDL, mmol/L	1.09 (0.9 - 1.54)	1.7 (1.08 - 1.8)	0.07
Hyperglycemia, %	20%	0%	0.007
Glucose, mmol/L	4.88 (4.1 - 5.5)	4.3 (3.9 - 4.9)	0.19
LAP	138.7 (90.6 - 156)	16.17 (9.7 - 38.2)	< 0.001
VAI	1.37 (0.5 - 5.01)	0.78 (0.56 - 0.9)	0.35
BFP, %	33.3 (28.7 - 43.9)	25.8 (17.6 - 29.2)	0.001
BAI	33.6 (29.7 - 38.5)	24.8 (21.5 - 27.4)	< 0.001
Telomere length, pn	7.36 (6.96 - 8.67)	8.72 (8.37 - 8.96)	0.02

Table 2. Clinical Characteristics of Groups With and Without MS

MS group (n = 10)

Non-MS group (n = 35)

BAI: body adiposity index; BFP: body fat percentage; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; EH: essential hypertension; HC: hip circumference; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LAP: lipid accumulation product index; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; МS: metabolic syndrome; NC: neck circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; VAI: visceral adiposity index; WC: waist circumference.

Sex, male/female, %

50/50

40/60

0.57

Age, years

28.5 (23 - 43)

26 (21 - 37)

0.35

Smoking, %

0.57

BMI, kg/m²

30.95 (30 - 34.2)

22.6 (20.7 - 23.9)

< 0.001

WC, cm

119 (110 - 125)

79 (71 - 83)

< 0.001

HC, cm

117.5 (115 - 118)

95 (92 - 98)

< 0.001

NC, cm

39 (38 - 42)

33 (31 - 34)

< 0.001

Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m²), %

8.57

< 0.001

EH, %

17.14

0.03

SBP, mm Hg

157 (124 - 165)

120 (112 - 130)

0.01

DBP, mm Hg

90 (80 - 96)

77 (70 - 83)

0.005

Dyslipidemia, %

34.29

0.002

TC, mmol/L

6.01 (3.6 - 6.8)

4.7 (3.9 - 5.1)

0.04

TG, mmol/L

2.75 (1.9 - 3.0)

1.2 (0.7 - 1.9)

< 0.001

LDL, mmol/L

2.9 (2.8 - 3.5)

2.8 (2.1 - 3.1)

0.16

HDL, mmol/L

1.09 (0.9 - 1.54)

1.7 (1.08 - 1.8)

0.07

Hyperglycemia, %

20%

0.007

Glucose, mmol/L

4.88 (4.1 - 5.5)

4.3 (3.9 - 4.9)

0.19

LAP

138.7 (90.6 - 156)

16.17 (9.7 - 38.2)

< 0.001

VAI

1.37 (0.5 - 5.01)

0.78 (0.56 - 0.9)

0.35

BFP, %

33.3 (28.7 - 43.9)

25.8 (17.6 - 29.2)

0.001

BAI

33.6 (29.7 - 38.5)

24.8 (21.5 - 27.4)

< 0.001

Telomere length, pn

7.36 (6.96 - 8.67)

8.72 (8.37 - 8.96)

0.02

**Table 3.** Results of Correlation Analysis Between Telomere Length and Various Parameters in the Randomized Group (n = 45)
Parameter	Strength and reliability of the relationship, P < 0.05
BAI: body adiposity index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HC: hip circumference; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LAP: lipid accumulation product; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NC: neck circumference; МS: metabolic syndrome; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; VAI: visceral adiposity index; WC: waist circumference.
Smoking	r = -0.35
presence of MS	r = -0.36
DBP	r = -0.31
Dyslipidemia	r = -0.76
WC	r = -0.3
HC	r = -0.35
NC	r = -0.53
TC	r = -0.64
HDL	r = 0.59
TG	r = -0.46
LDL	r = -0.52
Glucose	r = -0.33
LAP	r = -0.4
VAI (men)	r = -0.57
BAI	r = -0.32

Table 3. Results of Correlation Analysis Between Telomere Length and Various Parameters in the Randomized Group (n = 45)

Parameter

Strength and reliability of the relationship, P < 0.05

BAI: body adiposity index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HC: hip circumference; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LAP: lipid accumulation product; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NC: neck circumference; МS: metabolic syndrome; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; VAI: visceral adiposity index; WC: waist circumference.

Smoking

r = -0.35

presence of MS

r = -0.36

DBP

r = -0.31

Dyslipidemia

r = -0.76

r = -0.3

r = -0.35

r = -0.53

r = -0.64

HDL

r = 0.59

r = -0.46

LDL

r = -0.52

Glucose

r = -0.33

LAP

r = -0.4

VAI (men)

r = -0.57

BAI

r = -0.32

**Table 4.** Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis Results of the Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors, MS Components, and Telomere Length
Model	Parameter	B	Standard error of B	P
BAI: body adiposity index; BFP: body fat percentage; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; EH: essential hypertension; HC: hip circumference; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LAP: lipid accumulation product; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NC: neck circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; VAI: visceral adiposity index; WC: waist circumference.
Model 1	Overall significance	12.08	1.15	< 0.001
	Sex	-	-	> 0.05
	Age	-0.04	0.02	0.03
	Smoking	-0.87	0.26	0.001
	EH	-	-	> 0.05
	SBP	-	-	> 0.05
	DBP	-	-	> 0.05
Model 2	Overall significance	15.6	1.7	< 0.001
	Weight	-	-	> 0.05
	BMI	-	-	> 0.05
	WC	-	-	> 0.05
	HC	-	-	> 0.05
	NC	-0.23	0.07	0.001
Model 3	Overall significance	10.7	0.87	< 0.001
	Glucose	-	-	> 0.05
	TC	-0.37	0.87	< 0.001
	LDL	-	-	> 0.05
	HDL	0.59	0.24	0.02
	TG	-	-	> 0.05
Model 4	Overall significance	9.5	0.55	< 0.001
	LAP	-0.01	0.02	< 0.01
	VAI	-	-	> 0.05
	VAI (men)	-0.37	0.16	0.02
	VAI (women)	-	-	> 0.05
	BAI	-	-	> 0.05
	BFP	-	-	> 0.05
Model 5	Overall significance	9.06	0.14	< 0.001
	Presence of abdominal obesity	-	-	> 0.05
	EH	-	-	> 0.05
	Presence of dyslipidemia	-1.13	0.23	< 0.001
	Presence of hyperglycemia	-	-	> 0.05

Table 4. Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis Results of the Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors, MS Components, and Telomere Length

Model

Parameter

Standard error of B

BAI: body adiposity index; BFP: body fat percentage; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; EH: essential hypertension; HC: hip circumference; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LAP: lipid accumulation product; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NC: neck circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; VAI: visceral adiposity index; WC: waist circumference.

Model 1

Overall significance

12.08

1.15

< 0.001

Sex

> 0.05

Age

-0.04

0.02

0.03

Smoking

-0.87

0.26

0.001

> 0.05

SBP

> 0.05

DBP

> 0.05

Model 2

Overall significance

15.6

1.7

< 0.001

Weight

> 0.05

BMI

> 0.05

-0.23

0.07

0.001

Model 3

Overall significance

10.7

0.87

< 0.001

Glucose

> 0.05

-0.37

0.87

< 0.001

LDL

> 0.05

HDL

0.59

0.24

0.02

> 0.05

Model 4

Overall significance

9.5

0.55

< 0.001

LAP

-0.01

0.02

< 0.01

VAI

> 0.05

VAI (men)

-0.37

0.16

0.02

VAI (women)

> 0.05

BAI

> 0.05

BFP

> 0.05

Model 5

Overall significance

9.06

0.14

< 0.001

Presence of abdominal obesity

> 0.05

Presence of dyslipidemia

-1.13

0.23

< 0.001

Presence of hyperglycemia

> 0.05