Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://jocmr.elmerjournals.com

Original Article

Volume 17, Number 12, December 2025, pages 663-675


Prognostic Value of SIRS, SOFA, qSOFA, and LqSOFA in Emergency Department Sepsis Patients and Correlation of Cytokine Patterns With In-Hospital Mortality

Figures

↓  Figure 1. Cytokine differences regarding outcome in study population. TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; IL-33R: interleukin-33 receptor.
Figure 1.
↓  Figure 2. Cytokine differences regarding early outcome (in 72 h) in study population. TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; IL-33R: interleukin-33 receptor.
Figure 2.
↓  Figure 3. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of SIRS, SOFA, qSOFA, and LqSOFA (a), IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-33R (b), expanded SOFA-IL-33R (SOFA combined with cutoff value of IL-33R) and expanded qSOFA-IL-33R (qSOFA combined with cutoff value of IL-33R) scores (c, d), respectively, in predicting in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients. LqSOFA: lactate quick SOFA; qSOFA: quick SOFA; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; IL-33R: interleukin-33 receptor.
Figure 3.
↓  Figure 4. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of expanded SOFA-IL-33R (SOFA combined with cutoff value of IL-33R) (a), expanded qSOFA-IL-33R (qSOFA combined with cutoff value of IL-33R) (b), expanded SOFA-IL-10 (SOFA combined with cutoff value of IL-10) (c) and expanded qSOFA-IL10 (qSOFA combined with cutoff value of IL-10) (d) in predicting early (within 72 h) in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients. qSOFA: quick SOFA; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; IL-33R: interleukin-33 receptor.
Figure 4.
↓  Figure 5. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-33R in predicting in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients with lower respiratory tract infections. TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; IL-33R: interleukin-33 receptor.
Figure 5.
↓  Figure 6. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of SIRS and expanded SIRS (SIRS combined with cutoff value of IL-33R) in predicting in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients with lower respiratory tract infections. SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; IL-33R: interleukin-33 receptor.
Figure 6.
↓  Figure 7. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of SOFA and expanded SOFA (SOFA combined with cutoff value of IL-33R) in predicting in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients with lower respiratory tract infections. SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; IL-33R: interleukin-33 receptor.
Figure 7.
↓  Figure 8. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of qSOFA and expanded qSOFA (qSOFA combined with cutoff value of IL-33R) in predicting in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients with lower respiratory tract infections. qSOFA: quick SOFA; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; IL-33R: interleukin-33 receptor.
Figure 8.
↓  Figure 9. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of LqSOFA and expanded LqSOFA (LqSOFA combined with cutoff value of IL-33R) in predicting in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients with lower respiratory tract infections. LqSOFA: lactate quick SOFA; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; IL-33R: interleukin-33 receptor.
Figure 9.

Table

↓  Table 1. Study Population Demographics and Baseline Characteristics
 
Survival P
No Yes
BTI: biliary tract infections; CKD: khronic kidney disease; CNS: central nervous system; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; CVD: cardiovascular disease; LqSOFA: lactate quick SOFA; NS: not statistically significant; qSOFA: quick SOFA; RTI: respiratory tract infections; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; UTI: urinary tract infections; WBC: white blood cells; IL: interleukin.
Number 26 80
Age 83.5(73.3 - 88.3) 79 (66.5 - 85.8) NS (0.09)
Male 7 (27%) 43 (53.8%) 0.023
Female 19 (73%) 37 (46.3%) 0.023
Type of infection
  RTI 12 (46.2%) 34 (42.5%)
  UTI 2 (7.7%) 22 (27.5%)
  Colitis 1 (3.8%) 4 (5%)
  Mixed infections 9 (34.6%) 9 (11.3%)
  BTI 2 (7.7%) 6 (7.5%)
  CNS infections 0 3 (3.8%)
  Other 0 2 (2.5%)
  Bacteremia 5 (19.2%) 13 (16.3%)
Comorbidities
  CVD 19 (73%) 57 (71.3%) NS (0.86)
  Diabetes 6 (23%) 28 (35%) NS (0.26)
  CKD 1 (4%) 8 (10%) NS (0.33)
  COPD 2 (7.7%) 18 (22.5%) NS (0.09)
  Neoplasm 1 (4%) 9 (11.3%) NS (0.26)
  SOFA 4.5 (4 - 7) 3 (2 - 5) 0.001
  SIRS 3 (2 - 3) 2 (2 - 3) NS (0.09)
  qSOFA 2 (2 - 3) 1 (1 - 2) < 0.001
  LqSOFA 3 (2 - 3) 2 (1 - 2) < 0.001
  Lactate (mmol/L) 2.6 (1.6 - 4.8) 2 (1.5 - 3.3) NS (0.17)
  CRP (mg/dL) 14.6 (11.6 - 19) 12.4 (4 - 22.3) NS (0.29)
  WBC (cells/µL) 14,495 (7,440 - 17,490) 13,685 (8,660 - 18,380) NS (0.69)
Cytokines
  IL-6 (pg/mL) 331 (49.5 - 400) 104 (57.3 - 400) NS (0.36)
  IL-10 (pg/mL) 87 (25.8 - 162.8) 40 (25 - 116.8) NS (0.11)
  TNF-α (pg/mL) 50 (50 - 50) 50 (50 - 50) NS (0.89)
  IL-33R (pg/mL) 136,800 (59,932 - 200,000) 59,693 (34,920 - 182,035) 0.021