J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jocmr.elmerjournals.com

Original Article

Volume 18, Number 2, February 2026, pages 63-74

Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Cancer Patients With Sepsis

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics
Variable	Cancer (n = 310)	No cancer (n = 628)	P
SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; WBC: white blood cell count; Hb: hemoglobin; PT: prothrombin time; aPTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; LD: lactate dehydrogenase; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; CAD: coronary artery disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; TIA: transient ischemic attack; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; Afib: atrial fibrillation; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; MCTD: mixed connective tissue disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CLD: chronic liver disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disorder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease.
Age (years), mean (SD)	66.78 (13.64)	61.47 (16.11)	< 0.01
Sex			0.03
Male, n (%)	173 (55.80)	303 (48.20)
Female, n (%)	137 (44.20)	325 (51.80)
Race
White, n (%)	188 (60.60)	324 (51.70)	0.01
Black, n (%)	90 (29)	175 (27.90)
Hispanic, n (%)	21 (6.80)	95 (15.20)
Other, n (%)	11 (3.50)	33 (5.30)
Social
Tobacco use, n (%)	183 (59.20)	330 (52.60)	0.06
Alcohol use, n (%)	96 (31.10)	211 (33.60)	0.44
Recreational drug use, n (%)	31 (10.00)	107 (17.00)	0.01
BMI, mean (SD)	28.07 (9.27)	30.02 (10.38)	0.01
Lab values
WBC (cells/mL) (median, 25th–75th)	15.3 (11.9–22.6)	15.9 (12.3–21.9)	0.09
Hb (g/dL), mean (SD)	10.1 (3.7)	9.9 (3.9)	0.31
Platelets (× 10³/µL) (median, 25th–75th)	108 (68–126)	103 (56–112)	0.06
D-dimer (µg (FEU)/mL) (median, 25th–75th)	4.4 (3.3–6.4)	4.1 (2.9–7.2)	0.13
PT (s) (median, 25th–75th)	14.2 (12.7–16.1)	13.9 (10.2–16.8)	0.23
aPTT (s) (median, 25th–75th)	38.4 (29.9–44.3)	37.2 (25.2–48.1)	0.94
LD (U/L) (median, 25th–75th)	691 (352–985)	728 (289–967)	0.39
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	111 (35.9)	288 (45.9)	0.01
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)	171 (55.20)	333 (53.00)	0.54
HFrEF, n (%)	45 (14.50)	101 (16.10)	0.53
HFpEF, n (%)	40 (12.90)	81 (12.90)	0.99
CAD, n (%)	87 (28.10)	167 (26.60)	0.63
CVA, n (%)	50 (16.20)	126 (20.10)	0.15
TIA, n (%)	19 (6.10)	17 (2.70)	0.01
COPD, n (%)	83 (26.80)	163 (26.00)	0.79
Asthma, n (%)	43 (13.90)	115 (18.30)	0.09
OSA, n (%)	38 (12.30)	95 (15.10)	0.236
Hypothyroidism, n (%)	43 (13.90)	117 (18.70)	0.07
PAD, n (%)	32 (10.30)	92 (14.60)	0.07
Afib, n (%)	99 (31.90)	167 (26.60)	0.09
SLE, n (%)	4 (1.30)	12 (1.90)	0.49
RA, n (%)	16 (5.20)	21 (3.30)	0.18
MCTD, n (%)	0 (0.00)	1 (0.20)	1.00
Sjogren’s syndrome, n (%)	0 (0.00)	3 (0.50)	0.56
Vasculitis, n (%)	2 (0.60)	5 (0.80)	1.00
Systemic sclerosis, n (%)	1 (0.30)	2 (0.30)	1.00
CKD, n (%)	102 (32.90)	214 (34.10)	0.72
CLD, n (%)	52 (16.80)	128 (20.40)	0.19
Immunodeficiency, n (%)	17 (5.50)	28 (4.50)	0.49
HIV, n (%)	9 (2.90)	16 (2.50)	0.75
Chronic steroid use, n (%)	26 (8.40)	39 (6.20)	0.22
GERD, n (%)	105 (33.90)	220 (35.00)	0.73
IBD, n (%)	5 (1.60)	17 (2.70)	0.29

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics

Variable

Cancer (n = 310)

No cancer (n = 628)

SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; WBC: white blood cell count; Hb: hemoglobin; PT: prothrombin time; aPTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; LD: lactate dehydrogenase; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; CAD: coronary artery disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; TIA: transient ischemic attack; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; Afib: atrial fibrillation; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; MCTD: mixed connective tissue disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CLD: chronic liver disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disorder; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease.

Age (years), mean (SD)

66.78 (13.64)

61.47 (16.11)

< 0.01

Sex

0.03

Male, n (%)

173 (55.80)

303 (48.20)

Female, n (%)

137 (44.20)

325 (51.80)

Race

White, n (%)

188 (60.60)

324 (51.70)

0.01

Black, n (%)

90 (29)

175 (27.90)

Hispanic, n (%)

21 (6.80)

95 (15.20)

Other, n (%)

11 (3.50)

33 (5.30)

Social

Tobacco use, n (%)

183 (59.20)

330 (52.60)

0.06

Alcohol use, n (%)

96 (31.10)

211 (33.60)

0.44

Recreational drug use, n (%)

31 (10.00)

107 (17.00)

0.01

BMI, mean (SD)

28.07 (9.27)

30.02 (10.38)

0.01

Lab values

WBC (cells/mL) (median, 25th–75th)

15.3 (11.9–22.6)

15.9 (12.3–21.9)

0.09

Hb (g/dL), mean (SD)

10.1 (3.7)

9.9 (3.9)

0.31

Platelets (× 10³/µL) (median, 25th–75th)

108 (68–126)

103 (56–112)

0.06

D-dimer (µg (FEU)/mL) (median, 25th–75th)

4.4 (3.3–6.4)

4.1 (2.9–7.2)

0.13

PT (s) (median, 25th–75th)

14.2 (12.7–16.1)

13.9 (10.2–16.8)

0.23

aPTT (s) (median, 25th–75th)

38.4 (29.9–44.3)

37.2 (25.2–48.1)

0.94

LD (U/L) (median, 25th–75th)

691 (352–985)

728 (289–967)

0.39

Comorbidities

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

111 (35.9)

288 (45.9)

0.01

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

171 (55.20)

333 (53.00)

0.54

HFrEF, n (%)

45 (14.50)

101 (16.10)

0.53

HFpEF, n (%)

40 (12.90)

81 (12.90)

0.99

CAD, n (%)

87 (28.10)

167 (26.60)

0.63

CVA, n (%)

50 (16.20)

126 (20.10)

0.15

TIA, n (%)

19 (6.10)

17 (2.70)

0.01

COPD, n (%)

83 (26.80)

163 (26.00)

0.79

Asthma, n (%)

43 (13.90)

115 (18.30)

0.09

OSA, n (%)

38 (12.30)

95 (15.10)

0.236

Hypothyroidism, n (%)

43 (13.90)

117 (18.70)

0.07

PAD, n (%)

32 (10.30)

92 (14.60)

0.07

Afib, n (%)

99 (31.90)

167 (26.60)

0.09

SLE, n (%)

4 (1.30)

12 (1.90)

0.49

RA, n (%)

16 (5.20)

21 (3.30)

0.18

MCTD, n (%)

0 (0.00)

1 (0.20)

1.00

Sjogren’s syndrome, n (%)

0 (0.00)

3 (0.50)

0.56

Vasculitis, n (%)

2 (0.60)

5 (0.80)

1.00

Systemic sclerosis, n (%)

1 (0.30)

2 (0.30)

1.00

CKD, n (%)

102 (32.90)

214 (34.10)

0.72

CLD, n (%)

52 (16.80)

128 (20.40)

0.19

Immunodeficiency, n (%)

17 (5.50)

28 (4.50)

0.49

HIV, n (%)

9 (2.90)

16 (2.50)

0.75

Chronic steroid use, n (%)

26 (8.40)

39 (6.20)

0.22

GERD, n (%)

105 (33.90)

220 (35.00)

0.73

IBD, n (%)

5 (1.60)

17 (2.70)

0.29

**Table 2.** Types of Cancers in Patients With Cancer and Sepsis
Type of cancer	Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
Lung cancer	52	16.8
Colorectal cancer	36	11.6
Breast cancer	29	9.4
Prostate cancer	27	8.7
Skin cancer other than melanoma	25	8.1
Leukemias	21	6.8
Lymphomas	20	6.5
Gastroesophageal cancer	20	6.5
Urinary/bladder cancer	14	4.5
Uterine cancer	12	3.9
Kidney cancer	12	3.9
Esophageal cancer	12	3.9
Larynx cancer	10	3.2
Melanoma	10	3.2
Myelodysplastic syndrome	9	2.9
Liver cancer	9	2.9
Thyroid cancer	7	2.3
Brain cancer	7	2.3
Connective/soft tissue cancer	6	1.9
Anal cancer	4	1.3
Pharynx cancer	4	1.3
Multiple myeloma	4	1.3
Meningioma	3	1
Parotid gland cancer	2	0.6
Tonsil cancer	2	0.6
Tongue cancer	1	0.3

Table 2. Types of Cancers in Patients With Cancer and Sepsis

Type of cancer

Frequency (n)

Percent (%)

Lung cancer

16.8

Colorectal cancer

11.6

Breast cancer

9.4

Prostate cancer

8.7

Skin cancer other than melanoma

8.1

Leukemias

6.8

Lymphomas

6.5

Gastroesophageal cancer

6.5

Urinary/bladder cancer

4.5

Uterine cancer

3.9

Kidney cancer

3.9

Esophageal cancer

3.9

Larynx cancer

3.2

Melanoma

3.2

Myelodysplastic syndrome

2.9

Liver cancer

2.9

Thyroid cancer

2.3

Brain cancer

2.3

Connective/soft tissue cancer

1.9

Anal cancer

1.3

Pharynx cancer

1.3

Multiple myeloma

1.3

Meningioma

Parotid gland cancer

0.6

Tonsil cancer

0.6

Tongue cancer

0.3

**Table 3.** Cancer Treatment Modality in Patients With Cancer and Sepsis
Type of treatment	Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
Chemotherapy	153	49.8
Radiotherapy	92	30
Hormonal therapy	17	5.5

Table 3. Cancer Treatment Modality in Patients With Cancer and Sepsis

Type of treatment

Frequency (n)

Percent (%)

Chemotherapy

153

49.8

Radiotherapy

Hormonal therapy

5.5

**Table 4.** Outcomes of Sepsis Patients With or Without Cancer
Outcome	SCa, n (%)	SnoCa, n (%)	P^a
^aChi-square test.
Palliative care	153 (49.40)	203 (32.30)	< 0.01
Readmission	108 (34.80)	223 (35.50)	0.84
Bloodstream infection	96 (31.00)	219 (34.60)	0.23
In hospital mortality	163 (52.60)	300 (47.80)	0.17
All-cause mortality	205 (66.10)	334 (53.20)	< 0.01

Table 4. Outcomes of Sepsis Patients With or Without Cancer

Outcome

SCa, n (%)

SnoCa, n (%)

P^a

^aChi-square test.

Palliative care

153 (49.40)

203 (32.30)

< 0.01

Readmission

108 (34.80)

223 (35.50)

0.84

Bloodstream infection

96 (31.00)

219 (34.60)

0.23

In hospital mortality

163 (52.60)

300 (47.80)

0.17

All-cause mortality

205 (66.10)

334 (53.20)

< 0.01

**Table 5.** Length of Stay in Patients With Cancer and Sepsis
Risk factor	β	T-statistic	P
Age	–0.01	–0.32	0.75
Male sex	0.06	1.73	0.08
White vs. Black	0.03	0.96	0.34
White vs. Hispanic	–0.04	–1.24	0.21
White vs. other races	0.03	0.78	0.44
Body mass index	0.04	1.16	0.25
Alcohol use	0.05	1.51	0.13
Tobacco use	–0.02	–0.56	0.57
Cardiovascular disorder	0.03	0.81	0.42
Rheumatological disorder	–0.05	–1.36	0.17
Respiratory disorder	0.04	0.97	0.33
Immunodeficiency disorder	0.03	0.73	0.47
Chronic kidney disease	0.02	0.58	0.56
Chronic liver disease	–0.08	–2.25	0.03
Gastrointestinal disorder	0.04	0.97	0.33
Cancer	–0.08	–2.21	0.03

Table 5. Length of Stay in Patients With Cancer and Sepsis

Risk factor

T-statistic

Age

–0.01

–0.32

0.75

Male sex

0.06

1.73

0.08

White vs. Black

0.03

0.96

0.34

White vs. Hispanic

–0.04

–1.24

0.21

White vs. other races

0.03

0.78

0.44

Body mass index

0.04

1.16

0.25

Alcohol use

0.05

1.51

0.13

Tobacco use

–0.02

–0.56

0.57

Cardiovascular disorder

0.03

0.81

0.42

Rheumatological disorder

–0.05

–1.36

0.17

Respiratory disorder

0.04

0.97

0.33

Immunodeficiency disorder

0.03

0.73

0.47

Chronic kidney disease

0.02

0.58

0.56

Chronic liver disease

–0.08

–2.25

0.03

Gastrointestinal disorder

0.04

0.97

0.33

Cancer

–0.08

–2.21

0.03

**Table 6.** Influence of Risk Factors on Readmissions
Risk factor	B	P	Exp(B)	95% CI for Exp(B)
CI: confidence interval.
Age	–0.02	< 0.01	0.98	0.97	0.99
Sex male	–0.19	0.22	0.83	0.62	1.12
White vs. Black	–0.24	0.17	0.78	0.56	1.11
White vs. Hispanic	0.022	0.92	1.02	0.65	1.60
White vs. other races	–0.72	0.07	0.49	0.23	1.06
Body mass index	< 0.01	0.97	1.00	0.99	1.02
Alcohol use	–0.27	0.10	0.77	0.56	1.05
Tobacco use	0.35	0.03	1.42	1.04	1.93
Cardiovascular disorder	0.60	0.01	1.83	1.24	2.70
Rheumatological disorder	0.28	0.34	1.32	0.74	2.36
Respiratory disorder	0.12	0.46	1.13	0.82	1.56
Immunodeficiency disorder	–0.43	0.19	0.65	0.34	1.26
Gastrointestinal disorder	0.77	< 0.01	2.16	1.58	2.96
Chronic kidney disease	0.53	0.01	1.69	1.24	2.32
Chronic liver disease	0.30	0.12	1.35	0.93	1.96
Cancer	0.06	0.72	1.06	0.77	1.45

Table 6. Influence of Risk Factors on Readmissions

Risk factor

Exp(B)

95% CI for Exp(B)

Lower

Upper

CI: confidence interval.

Age

–0.02

< 0.01

0.98

0.97

0.99

Sex male

–0.19

0.22

0.83

0.62

1.12

White vs. Black

–0.24

0.17

0.78

0.56

1.11

White vs. Hispanic

0.022

0.92

1.02

0.65

1.60

White vs. other races

–0.72

0.07

0.49

0.23

1.06

Body mass index

< 0.01

0.97

1.00

0.99

1.02

Alcohol use

–0.27

0.10

0.77

0.56

1.05

Tobacco use

0.35

0.03

1.42

1.04

1.93

Cardiovascular disorder

0.60

0.01

1.83

1.24

2.70

Rheumatological disorder

0.28

0.34

1.32

0.74

2.36

Respiratory disorder

0.12

0.46

1.13

0.82

1.56

Immunodeficiency disorder

–0.43

0.19

0.65

0.34

1.26

Gastrointestinal disorder

0.77

< 0.01

2.16

1.58

2.96

Chronic kidney disease

0.53

0.01

1.69

1.24

2.32

Chronic liver disease

0.30

0.12

1.35

0.93

1.96

Cancer

0.06

0.72

1.06

0.77

1.45

**Table 7.** Influence of Risk Factors on Bloodstream Infection
Risk factor	B	P	Exp(B)	95% CI for Exp(B)
CI: confidence interval.
Age	–0.01	0.35	0.99	0.99	1.01
Sex male	–0.09	0.55	0.92	0.69	1.22
White vs. Black	–0.08	0.63	0.92	0.66	1.29
White vs. Hispanic	0.34	0.13	1.40	0.91	2.16
White vs. other races	0.58	0.08	1.78	0.94	3.39
Body mass index	0.02	0.02	1.02	1.00	1.03
Alcohol use	–0.13	0.43	0.88	0.65	1.20
Tobacco use	–0.13	0.39	0.88	0.65	1.18
Cardiovascular disorder	–0.03	0.87	0.97	0.66	1.39
Rheumatological disorder	–0.53	0.10	0.59	0.31	1.11
Respiratory disorder	–0.11	0.49	0.89	0.65	1.23
Immunodeficiency disorder	–0.41	0.21	0.66	0.34	1.27
Gastrointestinal disorder	–0.02	0.89	0.98	0.71	1.35
Chronic kidney disease	0.19	0.23	1.21	0.89	1.66
Chronic liver disease	0.27	0.15	1.31	0.91	1.88
Cancer	–0.09	0.56	0.91	0.67	1.24

Table 7. Influence of Risk Factors on Bloodstream Infection

Risk factor

Exp(B)

95% CI for Exp(B)

Lower

Upper

CI: confidence interval.

Age

–0.01

0.35

0.99

1.01

Sex male

–0.09

0.55

0.92

0.69

1.22

White vs. Black

–0.08

0.63

0.92

0.66

1.29

White vs. Hispanic

0.34

0.13

1.40

0.91

2.16

White vs. other races

0.58

0.08

1.78

0.94

3.39

Body mass index

0.02

1.02

1.00

1.03

Alcohol use

–0.13

0.43

0.88

0.65

1.20

Tobacco use

–0.13

0.39

0.88

0.65

1.18

Cardiovascular disorder

–0.03

0.87

0.97

0.66

1.39

Rheumatological disorder

–0.53

0.10

0.59

0.31

1.11

Respiratory disorder

–0.11

0.49

0.89

0.65

1.23

Immunodeficiency disorder

–0.41

0.21

0.66

0.34

1.27

Gastrointestinal disorder

–0.02

0.89

0.98

0.71

1.35

Chronic kidney disease

0.19

0.23

1.21

0.89

1.66

Chronic liver disease

0.27

0.15

1.31

0.91

1.88

Cancer

–0.09

0.56

0.91

0.67

1.24

**Table 8.** Influence of Risk Factors on In-Hospital Mortality
Risk factor	B	P	Exp(B)	95% CI for Exp(B)
CI: confidence interval.
Age	0.01	0.71	1.00	0.99	1.01
Sex male	0.21	0.14	1.23	0.94	1.63
White vs. Black	0.64	< 0.01	1.90	1.38	2.62
White vs. Hispanic	0.18	0.42	1.19	0.78	1.82
White vs. other races	0.42	0.20	1.52	0.80	2.90
Body mass index	0.01	0.33	1.01	0.99	1.02
Alcohol use	0.24	0.11	1.27	0.95	1.71
Tobacco use	0.05	0.76	1.05	0.79	1.39
Cardiovascular disorder	0.03	0.85	1.03	0.73	1.46
Rheumatological disorder	0.10	0.72	1.11	0.64	1.94
Respiratory disorder	0.02	0.88	1.02	0.76	1.39
Immunodeficiency disorder	0.19	0.53	1.21	0.67	2.19
Gastrointestinal disorder	–0.43	0.01	0.65	0.48	0.88
Chronic kidney disease	0.16	0.30	1.17	0.87	1.59
Chronic liver disease	0.45	0.01	1.58	1.10	2.26
Cancer	0.26	0.08	1.29	0.97	1.74

Table 8. Influence of Risk Factors on In-Hospital Mortality

Risk factor

Exp(B)

95% CI for Exp(B)

Lower

Upper

CI: confidence interval.

Age

0.01

0.71

1.00

0.99

1.01

Sex male

0.21

0.14

1.23

0.94

1.63

White vs. Black

0.64

< 0.01

1.90

1.38

2.62

White vs. Hispanic

0.18

0.42

1.19

0.78

1.82

White vs. other races

0.42

0.20

1.52

0.80

2.90

Body mass index

0.01

0.33

1.01

0.99

1.02

Alcohol use

0.24

0.11

1.27

0.95

1.71

Tobacco use

0.05

0.76

1.05

0.79

1.39

Cardiovascular disorder

0.03

0.85

1.03

0.73

1.46

Rheumatological disorder

0.10

0.72

1.11

0.64

1.94

Respiratory disorder

0.02

0.88

1.02

0.76

1.39

Immunodeficiency disorder

0.19

0.53

1.21

0.67

2.19

Gastrointestinal disorder

–0.43

0.01

0.65

0.48

0.88

Chronic kidney disease

0.16

0.30

1.17

0.87

1.59

Chronic liver disease

0.45

0.01

1.58

1.10

2.26

Cancer

0.26

0.08

1.29

0.97

1.74

**Table 9.** Influence of Risk Factors on All-Cause Mortality
Risk factor	B	P	Exp(B)	95% CI for Exp(B)
CI: confidence interval.
Age	0.01	0.33	1.01	0.99	1.02
Sex male	0.23	0.12	1.25	0.95	1.66
White vs. Black	0.69	< 0.01	2.01	1.45	2.79
White vs. Hispanic	0.19	0.39	1.20	0.79	1.84
White vs. other races	0.24	0.48	1.27	0.66	2.43
Body mass index	0.01	0.65	1.00	0.99	1.02
Alcohol use	–0.02	0.92	0.99	0.73	1.33
Tobacco use	0.12	0.43	1.12	0.84	1.50
Cardiovascular disorder	–0.02	0.91	0.98	0.69	1.39
Rheumatological disorder	0.10	0.72	1.11	0.63	1.95
Respiratory disorder	0.34	0.03	1.41	1.03	1.92
Immunodeficiency disorder	–0.08	0.79	0.92	0.51	1.69
Gastrointestinal disorder	–0.40	0.01	0.67	0.49	0.91
Chronic kidney disease	0.15	0.35	1.16	0.85	1.57
Chronic liver disease	0.35	0.06	1.42	0.99	2.06
Cancer	0.60	< 0.01	1.82	1.35	2.46

Table 9. Influence of Risk Factors on All-Cause Mortality

Risk factor

Exp(B)

95% CI for Exp(B)

Lower

Upper

CI: confidence interval.

Age

0.01

0.33

1.01

0.99

1.02

Sex male

0.23

0.12

1.25

0.95

1.66

White vs. Black

0.69

< 0.01

2.01

1.45

2.79

White vs. Hispanic

0.19

0.39

1.20

0.79

1.84

White vs. other races

0.24

0.48

1.27

0.66

2.43

Body mass index

0.01

0.65

1.00

0.99

1.02

Alcohol use

–0.02

0.92

0.99

0.73

1.33

Tobacco use

0.12

0.43

1.12

0.84

1.50

Cardiovascular disorder

–0.02

0.91

0.98

0.69

1.39

Rheumatological disorder

0.10

0.72

1.11

0.63

1.95

Respiratory disorder

0.34

0.03

1.41

1.03

1.92

Immunodeficiency disorder

–0.08

0.79

0.92

0.51

1.69

Gastrointestinal disorder

–0.40

0.01

0.67

0.49

0.91

Chronic kidney disease

0.15

0.35

1.16

0.85

1.57

Chronic liver disease

0.35

0.06

1.42

0.99

2.06

Cancer

0.60

< 0.01

1.82

1.35

2.46