J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jocmr.elmerjournals.com

Original Article

Volume 18, Number 3, March 2026, pages 211-217

Active Helicobacter pylori Infection as a Marker of an Activity-Linked Phenotype in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Tables

↓ **Table 1.** Prevalence of Active *Helicobacter* (H.) *pylori* Infection Across the Urticaria Activity Score Gradient
UAS category	N	H. pylori positive, n (%)	Stool antigen, median (IQR)
P for trend (logistic regression across UAS levels): P < 0.001. UAS: Urticaria Activity Score; IQR: interquartile range.
UAS = 4	72	19 (26.4)	0.034 (0.018–0.123)
UAS = 5	93	63 (67.7)	0.292 (0.037–0.570)
UAS = 6	80	77 (96.3)	0.458 (0.331–0.693)

↓ **Table 2.** Infection-Linked Phenotype Enrichment (ORs)
Clinical feature	OR (95% CI)	P value
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
Severe pruritus	7.56 (4.18–13.71)	< 0.001
> 50 wheals/24 h	20.08 (7.72–52.22)	< 0.001
Angioedema	2.56 (1.48–4.43)	0.001
Wheal duration > 1 h	0.17 (0.04–0.73)	0.010

↓ **Table 3.** Multivariable Logistic Regression for High Disease Activity (UAS ≥ 5)
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P
UAS: Urticaria Activity Score; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; CSU: chronic spontaneous urticaria.
Helicobacter (H.) pylori positive (vs. negative)	11.84 (5.88–23.82)	< 0.001
Age (per 10 years)	1.15 (0.93–1.43)	0.200
Female sex (vs. male)	1.43 (0.73–2.79)	0.300
CSU duration (per 1 month)	1.01 (0.92–1.12)	0.790

↓ **Table 4.** External Quality-of-Life Impact According to *H. pylori* Status
	H. pylori–	H. pylori+	P value	Spearman ρ with UAS	P value
Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; UAS: Urticaria Activity Score.
Difficulty due to medication side effects	1.08 ± 0.28	1.40 ± 0.56	< 0.001	0.28	< 0.001
Embarrassment due to urticaria symptoms	2.12 ± 0.45	2.02 ± 0.40	0.08	–0.04	0.52
Embarrassment in public places	1.42 ± 0.54	1.48 ± 0.62	0.60	0.01	0.86
Problems using cosmetics	1.33 ± 0.47	1.37 ± 0.52	0.68	0.05	0.49
Limitation in clothing choice	1.59 ± 0.54	1.48 ± 0.53	0.13	0.07	0.31
Total score (5–25)	7.54 ± 1.32	7.75 ± 1.39	0.30	0.13	0.046