J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jocmr.elmerjournals.com

Original Article

Volume 18, Number 4, April 2026, pages 261-269

PIFA-N Multifactor Model to Predict Adverse Outcomes for Chronic Heart Failure Patients

↓ Figure 1. Results of ROC analysis for PIFA-N multivariate logistic regression model. ROC: receiver operating characteristic.

↓ **Table 1.** Comparative Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Backgrounds of Patients Who Reached/Did Not Reach the Endpoint
Indicator	Endpoint not reached (n = 146)	Endpoint reached (n = 77)	Р
ACVA: acute cerebrovascular accident; BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; DM: diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; Me (Q1; Q3): median (interquartile range); NYHA FC: New York Heart Association Functional Classification; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.
Age, years, Me (Q1; Q3)	72 (64; 79.8)	78 (70; 82)	0.02
Male, n (%)	56 (38.4%)	28 (36.4%)	0.87
BMI, kg/m², Me (Q1; Q3)	30.4 (26.5; 36.8)	30.6 (25.7; 34.8)	0.18
NYHA FC, mean ± SD	2.88 ± 0.65	3.2 ± 0.56	0.0005
Cardiac comorbidities
Arterial hypertension, n (%)	139 (95.2%)	71 (97%)	0.25
SBP on admission, mm Hg, mean ± SD	137 ± 24.5	135 ± 22.3	0.41
Ischemic heart disease, n (%)	141 (96.6%)	69 (95%)	0.54
Post-infarction cardiosclerosis, n (%)	62 (42.5%)	48 (65.8%)	0.001
CABG history, n (%)	7 (4.7%)	6 (8%)	0.45
PCI history, n (%)	16 (11%)	9 (12%)	0.71
Rheumatic heart defect, n (%)	5 (3.4%)	6 (8%)	0.12
Degenerative heart defect, n (%)	20 (13.7%)	7 (9.6%)	0.35
Heart defect in outcome of infectious endocarditis, n (%)	2 (1.4%)	1 (1.3%)	0.76
Dilated cardiomyopathy, n (%)	8 (5.5%)	3 (4.3%)	0.73
Atrial fibrillation, n%	89 (61%)	55 (75%)	0.04
Pacemaker, n (%)	10 (6.8%)	7 (9.5%)	0.54
Non-cardiac comorbidities
ACVA history, n (%)	11 (7.5%)	9 (12%)	0.23
Community-acquired pneumonia on admission, n (%)	42 (28.6%)	41 (56%)	0.0002
Bronchial obstructive diseases, n (%)	49 (33.5%)	25 (34%)	0.68
Pulmonary thromboembolism history, n (%)	3 (2%)	5 (7%)	0.12
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, n (%)	17 (11.6%)	4 (5%)	0.14
Mild anemia, n (%)	28 (19.2%)	17 (23%)	0.43
Type 2 DM, n (%)	51 (34.9%)	19 (26%)	0.23
HbA1c	6.2 (5.6; 6.9)	6.6 (5.9; 7.7)	0.19
Thyroid diseases, n (%)	32 (21.9%)	18 (25%)	0.67
Duodenal ulcer disease in remission/chronic gastroduodenitis, n (%)	46 (31.5%)	16 (22%)	0.14
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)	80 (54.7%)	52 (71%)	0.37
Joints and spine diseases, n (%)	32 (21.9%)	17 (22.3%)	0.63
Charlson Comorbidity Index, Me (Q1; Q3)	10.8 (9.6; 13.1)	12 (11; 13.8)	0.01

↓ Table 1. Comparative Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Backgrounds of Patients Who Reached/Did Not Reach the Endpoint

Indicator

Endpoint not reached (n = 146)

Endpoint reached (n = 77)

ACVA: acute cerebrovascular accident; BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; DM: diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; Me (Q1; Q3): median (interquartile range); NYHA FC: New York Heart Association Functional Classification; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.

Age, years, Me (Q1; Q3)

72 (64; 79.8)

78 (70; 82)

0.02

Male, n (%)

56 (38.4%)

28 (36.4%)

0.87

BMI, kg/m², Me (Q1; Q3)

30.4 (26.5; 36.8)

30.6 (25.7; 34.8)

0.18

NYHA FC, mean ± SD

2.88 ± 0.65

3.2 ± 0.56

0.0005

Cardiac comorbidities

Arterial hypertension, n (%)

139 (95.2%)

71 (97%)

0.25

SBP on admission, mm Hg, mean ± SD

137 ± 24.5

135 ± 22.3

0.41

Ischemic heart disease, n (%)

141 (96.6%)

69 (95%)

0.54

Post-infarction cardiosclerosis, n (%)

62 (42.5%)

48 (65.8%)

0.001

CABG history, n (%)

7 (4.7%)

6 (8%)

0.45

PCI history, n (%)

16 (11%)

9 (12%)

0.71

Rheumatic heart defect, n (%)

5 (3.4%)

6 (8%)

0.12

Degenerative heart defect, n (%)

20 (13.7%)

7 (9.6%)

0.35

Heart defect in outcome of infectious endocarditis, n (%)

2 (1.4%)

1 (1.3%)

0.76

Dilated cardiomyopathy, n (%)

8 (5.5%)

3 (4.3%)

0.73

Atrial fibrillation, n%

89 (61%)

55 (75%)

0.04

Pacemaker, n (%)

10 (6.8%)

7 (9.5%)

0.54

Non-cardiac comorbidities

ACVA history, n (%)

11 (7.5%)

9 (12%)

0.23

Community-acquired pneumonia on admission, n (%)

42 (28.6%)

41 (56%)

0.0002

Bronchial obstructive diseases, n (%)

49 (33.5%)

25 (34%)

0.68

Pulmonary thromboembolism history, n (%)

3 (2%)

5 (7%)

0.12

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, n (%)

17 (11.6%)

4 (5%)

0.14

Mild anemia, n (%)

28 (19.2%)

17 (23%)

0.43

Type 2 DM, n (%)

51 (34.9%)

19 (26%)

0.23

HbA1c

6.2 (5.6; 6.9)

6.6 (5.9; 7.7)

0.19

Thyroid diseases, n (%)

32 (21.9%)

18 (25%)

0.67

Duodenal ulcer disease in remission/chronic gastroduodenitis, n (%)

46 (31.5%)

16 (22%)

0.14

Chronic kidney disease, n (%)

80 (54.7%)

52 (71%)

0.37

Joints and spine diseases, n (%)

32 (21.9%)

17 (22.3%)

0.63

Charlson Comorbidity Index, Me (Q1; Q3)

10.8 (9.6; 13.1)

12 (11; 13.8)

0.01

↓ **Table 2.** Comparison of the Therapy Given to Patients Who Reached/Did Not Reach the Endpoint
Indicator	Endpoint not reached (n = 146)	Endpoint reached (n = 77)	Р
ACEIs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; DOACs: direct oral anticoagulants; MRAs: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; SGLT2Is: type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors.
ACEIs (%)	110 (75.3%)	63 (81.8%)	0.512
ARBs, n (%)	22 (15.1%)	9 (11.6%)	0.313
Valsartan/sacubitryl, n (%)	5 (3.4%)	3 (3.9%)	0.897
Beta blockers, n (%)	151 (97%)	69 (95%)	0.541
MRAs, n (%)	72 (49.3%)	32 (41.5%)	0.412
Loop diuretics, n (%)	95 (65.1%)	66 (85.7%)	0.067
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, n (%)	17 (11.6%)	8 (10.4%)	0.815
SGLT2Is, n (%)	51 (32.9%)	29 (37.7%)	0.614
Cardiac glycosides (digoxin), n (%)	12 (8.2%)	7 (9.1%)	0.733
Statins, n (%)	78 (53.4%)	52 (67.5%)	0.145
Amiodarone, n (%)	22 (15.1%)	18 (23.4%)	0.188
Sotalol, n (%)	9 (6.1%)	4 (5.2%)	0.765
Antiplatelet agents (aspirin), n (%)	25 (17.1%)	14 (18.1%)	0.855
DOACs, n (%)	85 (58.2%)	54 (70.1%)	0.072
Calcium antagonists, n (%)	7 (4.8%)	4 (5.2%)	0.814

↓ Table 2. Comparison of the Therapy Given to Patients Who Reached/Did Not Reach the Endpoint

Indicator

Endpoint not reached (n = 146)

Endpoint reached (n = 77)

ACEIs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; DOACs: direct oral anticoagulants; MRAs: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; SGLT2Is: type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors.

ACEIs (%)

110 (75.3%)

63 (81.8%)

0.512

ARBs, n (%)

22 (15.1%)

9 (11.6%)

0.313

Valsartan/sacubitryl, n (%)

5 (3.4%)

3 (3.9%)

0.897

Beta blockers, n (%)

151 (97%)

69 (95%)

0.541

MRAs, n (%)

72 (49.3%)

32 (41.5%)

0.412

Loop diuretics, n (%)

95 (65.1%)

66 (85.7%)

0.067

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, n (%)

17 (11.6%)

8 (10.4%)

0.815

SGLT2Is, n (%)

51 (32.9%)

29 (37.7%)

0.614

Cardiac glycosides (digoxin), n (%)

12 (8.2%)

7 (9.1%)

0.733

Statins, n (%)

78 (53.4%)

52 (67.5%)

0.145

Amiodarone, n (%)

22 (15.1%)

18 (23.4%)

0.188

Sotalol, n (%)

9 (6.1%)

4 (5.2%)

0.765

Antiplatelet agents (aspirin), n (%)

25 (17.1%)

14 (18.1%)

0.855

DOACs, n (%)

85 (58.2%)

54 (70.1%)

0.072

Calcium antagonists, n (%)

7 (4.8%)

4 (5.2%)

0.814

↓ **Table 3.** Comparative Analysis of Echocardiographic Characteristics of CHF Patients Who Reached/Did Not Reach the Endpoint
Indicator	Endpoint not reached (n = 146)	Endpoint reached (n = 77)	Р
LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LV EDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LV ESD: left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LV EDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LV ESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVSV: left ventricular stroke volume; IVS: interventricular septum thickness in diastole; LVPW: left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; LA volume: left atrial volume; sPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; ICVd: inferior vena cava diameter; RVEF: right ventricular ejection fraction.
LVEF, %	50 (41; 59.8)	41 (36; 51.5)	0.001
LV EDD, mm	48 (43; 52)	50 (46; 52.2)	0.853
LV ESD, mm	35 (31; 40)	41 (31; 44)	0.320
LV EDV, mL	100 (83; 122)	119 (107; 152)	0.03
LV ESV, mL	42 (39; 71)	67 (43; 96)	0.001
LVSV, mL	64 (60; 72)	67 (54; 70)	0.568
IVS, mm	11.5 (9.8; 12.5)	12 (11; 12.5)	0.763
LVPW, mm	10 (9; 10.5)	10 (9; 10.5)	0.689
LVMI, g/m²	100 (81; 117)	110 (92; 126)	0.09
LA volume, mL	71 (66; 95)	90 (74; 101)	0.03
sPAP, mm Hg	28 (21; 44)	40 (26.5; 52)	0.004
ICVd, mm	20 (20; 21)	20.5 (19; 23)	0.129
RVEF, %	62 (57; 67)	57 (53; 63)	0.304

↓ Table 3. Comparative Analysis of Echocardiographic Characteristics of CHF Patients Who Reached/Did Not Reach the Endpoint

Indicator

Endpoint not reached (n = 146)

Endpoint reached (n = 77)

LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LV EDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LV ESD: left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LV EDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LV ESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVSV: left ventricular stroke volume; IVS: interventricular septum thickness in diastole; LVPW: left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; LA volume: left atrial volume; sPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; ICVd: inferior vena cava diameter; RVEF: right ventricular ejection fraction.

LVEF, %

50 (41; 59.8)

41 (36; 51.5)

0.001

LV EDD, mm

48 (43; 52)

50 (46; 52.2)

0.853

LV ESD, mm

35 (31; 40)

41 (31; 44)

0.320

LV EDV, mL

100 (83; 122)

119 (107; 152)

0.03

LV ESV, mL

42 (39; 71)

67 (43; 96)

0.001

LVSV, mL

64 (60; 72)

67 (54; 70)

0.568

IVS, mm

11.5 (9.8; 12.5)

12 (11; 12.5)

0.763

LVPW, mm

10 (9; 10.5)

0.689

LVMI, g/m²

100 (81; 117)

110 (92; 126)

0.09

LA volume, mL

71 (66; 95)

90 (74; 101)

0.03

sPAP, mm Hg

28 (21; 44)

40 (26.5; 52)

0.004

ICVd, mm

20 (20; 21)

20.5 (19; 23)

0.129

RVEF, %

62 (57; 67)

57 (53; 63)

0.304

↓ **Table 4.** Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Characteristics of CHF Patients Who Reached/Did Not Reach the Endpoint
Indicator	Endpoint not reached (n = 146)	Endpoint reached (n = 77)	Р
ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GFR_CKD-EPI: glomerular filtration rate estimated by CKD-EPI; HDLs: high-density lipoproteins; INR: international normalized ratio; LDLs: low-density lipoproteins; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; ST2: soluble interleukin-like protein receptor; VLDLs: very low-density lipoproteins.
Leukocytes, × 10⁹/L	6.92 (5.79; 8.59)	7.51 (5.99; 8.86)	0.25
Hemoglobin, g/L	139 (126; 148)	134 (121; 144)	0.06
Platelets, × 10⁹/L	220 (178; 262)	202 (164; 259)	0.58
ESR, mm/h	20.5 (11.8; 33)	20 (10.8; 38.8)	0.43
Creatinine, µmol/L	102 (92.3; 117)	114 (93.4; 138.4)	0.042
GFR_CKD-EPI, mL/min/1.73 m²	53 (44.9; 64)	49 (36.9; 61)	0.07
Urea nitrogen, mmol/L	7.5 (5.9; 9.3)	9.5 (6.7; 12.7)	0.0001
Potassium, mmol/L	4.6 (4.4; 4.9)	4.6 (4.01; 5)	0.84
Sodium, mmol/L	144 (141; 147)	142 (138; 145)	0.21
Iron, µmol/L	12 (8.4; 17.1)	8.5 (6.3; 11.5)	0.34
AST, U/L	26 (21.3; 33)	28 (20; 39)	0.32
ALT, U/L	22 (17; 34)	20.2 (13.7; 26)	0.36
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, U/mL	41 (25.5; 53.5)	33.5 (25.3; 41.8)	0.44
Alkaline phosphatase, U/mL	199 (155; 247)	230 (176; 298)	0.12
Total bilirubin, µmol/L	14.9 (10.6; 20.7)	15.1 (10.4; 21.9)	0.41
Direct bilirubin, µmol/L	4.9 (3.6; 6.4)	8.6 (5.7; 10.9)	0.07
Albumin, g/L	41.9 (36.5; 44.2)	38.1 (33.7; 40.1)	0.03
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.77 (3.7; 5.9)	4.01 (3.26; 5.07)	0.001
HDLs, mmol/L	1.25 (1.02; 1.54)	1.17 (0.81; 1.61)	0.39
LDLs, mmol/L	2.92 (2.05; 3.74)	2.34 (1.85; 2.7)	0.001
VLDLs, mmol/L	0.59 (0.42; 0.99)	0.53 (0.37; 0.71)	0.03
Glucose, mmol/L	6.04 (5.3; 7.2)	6.37 (5.3; 7.3)	0.83
INR	1.02 (0.94; 1.14)	1.15 (0.98; 1.38)	0.02
MELD-XI, points	10.6 (8.2; 12.8)	12.2 (9.7; 15.1)	0.001
NT-proBNP, pg/mL	468.1 (203.2; 1,142.4)	987 (421.7; 2,365)	0.002
Copeptin, ng/mL	6.96 (5.11; 8.23)	6.64 (5.33; 9.16)	0.629
ST2, ng/mL	23.29 (14.9; 33.1)	53.76 (21.1; 93.5)	0.017
Galectin-3, ng/mL	8.85 (6.67; 11.53)	9.92 (5.88; 10.69)	0.718
Haptoglobin, ng/mL	1086 (686; 1,717)	1286 (748.1; 1,957.9)	0.689
Hepcidin, ng/mL	27.1 (22.94; 53.72)	22.5 (19.09; 37.17)	0.207

↓ Table 4. Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Characteristics of CHF Patients Who Reached/Did Not Reach the Endpoint

Indicator

Endpoint not reached (n = 146)

Endpoint reached (n = 77)

ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GFR_CKD-EPI: glomerular filtration rate estimated by CKD-EPI; HDLs: high-density lipoproteins; INR: international normalized ratio; LDLs: low-density lipoproteins; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; ST2: soluble interleukin-like protein receptor; VLDLs: very low-density lipoproteins.

Leukocytes, × 10⁹/L

6.92 (5.79; 8.59)

7.51 (5.99; 8.86)

0.25

Hemoglobin, g/L

139 (126; 148)

134 (121; 144)

0.06

Platelets, × 10⁹/L

220 (178; 262)

202 (164; 259)

0.58

ESR, mm/h

20.5 (11.8; 33)

20 (10.8; 38.8)

0.43

Creatinine, µmol/L

102 (92.3; 117)

114 (93.4; 138.4)

0.042

GFR_CKD-EPI, mL/min/1.73 m²

53 (44.9; 64)

49 (36.9; 61)

0.07

Urea nitrogen, mmol/L

7.5 (5.9; 9.3)

9.5 (6.7; 12.7)

0.0001

Potassium, mmol/L

4.6 (4.4; 4.9)

4.6 (4.01; 5)

0.84

Sodium, mmol/L

144 (141; 147)

142 (138; 145)

0.21

Iron, µmol/L

12 (8.4; 17.1)

8.5 (6.3; 11.5)

0.34

AST, U/L

26 (21.3; 33)

28 (20; 39)

0.32

ALT, U/L

22 (17; 34)

20.2 (13.7; 26)

0.36

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, U/mL

41 (25.5; 53.5)

33.5 (25.3; 41.8)

0.44

Alkaline phosphatase, U/mL

199 (155; 247)

230 (176; 298)

0.12

Total bilirubin, µmol/L

14.9 (10.6; 20.7)

15.1 (10.4; 21.9)

0.41

Direct bilirubin, µmol/L

4.9 (3.6; 6.4)

8.6 (5.7; 10.9)

0.07

Albumin, g/L

41.9 (36.5; 44.2)

38.1 (33.7; 40.1)

0.03

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.77 (3.7; 5.9)

4.01 (3.26; 5.07)

0.001

HDLs, mmol/L

1.25 (1.02; 1.54)

1.17 (0.81; 1.61)

0.39

LDLs, mmol/L

2.92 (2.05; 3.74)

2.34 (1.85; 2.7)

0.001

VLDLs, mmol/L

0.59 (0.42; 0.99)

0.53 (0.37; 0.71)

0.03

Glucose, mmol/L

6.04 (5.3; 7.2)

6.37 (5.3; 7.3)

0.83

INR

1.02 (0.94; 1.14)

1.15 (0.98; 1.38)

0.02

MELD-XI, points

10.6 (8.2; 12.8)

12.2 (9.7; 15.1)

0.001

NT-proBNP, pg/mL

468.1 (203.2; 1,142.4)

987 (421.7; 2,365)

0.002

Copeptin, ng/mL

6.96 (5.11; 8.23)

6.64 (5.33; 9.16)

0.629

ST2, ng/mL

23.29 (14.9; 33.1)

53.76 (21.1; 93.5)

0.017

Galectin-3, ng/mL

8.85 (6.67; 11.53)

9.92 (5.88; 10.69)

0.718

Haptoglobin, ng/mL

1086 (686; 1,717)

1286 (748.1; 1,957.9)

0.689

Hepcidin, ng/mL

27.1 (22.94; 53.72)

22.5 (19.09; 37.17)

0.207

↓ **Table 5.** Results of Uni- and Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis (Adjusted for Age, Sex, BMI, NYHA Class, and Renal Function (Creatinine/Urea)) for Assessing CHF Patients’ Lethal Outcome Risk
Risk factors	Univariate regression analysis	Multivariate regression analysis
AMI: acute myocardial infarction; BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; GFR_CKD-EPI: glomerular filtration rate estimated by CKD-EPI; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; OR: odds ratio; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; RR: risk ratio; sST2: soluble interleukin-like protein receptor.
Age	1.024	0.999–1.049	0.060
Male gender	0.953	0.58–1.563	0.850
BMI	0.969	0.936–1.004	0.083
LVEF < 40%	2.451	1.478–4.064	0.001
Community-acquired pneumonia	2.398	1.451–3.962	0.021	3.09	1.13–8.5	0.028
AMI history	4.262	1.68–11.78	< 0.001	4.26	1.54–11.7	0.005
Atrial fibrillation	3.134	1.06–9.24	0.034	3.13	1.05–9.2	0.039
Anemia	3.175	1.003–10.04	0.033	3.18	1.003–10.1	0.049
MELD-XI	2.345	1.274–4.315	0.006
GFR_CKD-EPI	0.991	0.975–1.007	0.246
NT-proBNP	1.0004	1.0001–1.0005	0.002	1.0005	1.0002–1.0008	0.002
sST2	1.011	1.007–1.021	0.035

↓ Table 5. Results of Uni- and Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis (Adjusted for Age, Sex, BMI, NYHA Class, and Renal Function (Creatinine/Urea)) for Assessing CHF Patients’ Lethal Outcome Risk

Risk factors

Univariate regression analysis

Multivariate regression analysis

95% CI

AMI: acute myocardial infarction; BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; GFR_CKD-EPI: glomerular filtration rate estimated by CKD-EPI; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; OR: odds ratio; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; RR: risk ratio; sST2: soluble interleukin-like protein receptor.

Age

1.024

0.999–1.049

0.060

Male gender

0.953

0.58–1.563

0.850

BMI

0.969

0.936–1.004

0.083

LVEF < 40%

2.451

1.478–4.064

0.001

Community-acquired pneumonia

2.398

1.451–3.962

0.021

3.09

1.13–8.5

0.028

AMI history

4.262

1.68–11.78

< 0.001

4.26

1.54–11.7

0.005

Atrial fibrillation

3.134

1.06–9.24

0.034

3.13

1.05–9.2

0.039

Anemia

3.175

1.003–10.04

0.033

3.18

1.003–10.1

0.049

MELD-XI

2.345

1.274–4.315

0.006

GFR_CKD-EPI

0.991

0.975–1.007

0.246

NT-proBNP

1.0004

1.0001–1.0005

0.002

1.0005

1.0002–1.0008

0.002

sST2

1.011

1.007–1.021

0.035